The correct answer is Option (1) → (D), (B), (A), (C), (E)
The correct chronological order of the mentioned events is:
(D) - 1915: Gandhi's return to India from South Africa
(B) - 1919: Rowlatt Act
(A) - 1922: Chauri-Chaura incident
(C) - 1930: Dandi March
(E) - 1931: Second Round Table Conference
Explanation:
(D) Gandhi's return to India from South Africa
In January 1915 Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi returned to India from South Africa. The historian Chandran Devanesan has remarked, South Africa was “the making of the Mahatma”. It was in South Africa that Mahatma Gandhi first forged the distinctive techniques of non-violent protest known as satyagraha, first promoted harmony between religions, and first alerted upper-caste Indians to their discriminatory treatment of low castes and women.
(B) Rowlatt Act
The Rowlatt Act was passed in 1919. It was passed by Justice Rowlatt. It permitted censorship of the press and permitted detention without trial. In response, Gandhiji called for a countrywide campaign against the “Rowlatt Act” in March-April of 1919.
(A) Chauri-Chaura incident
As a consequence of the Non-Cooperation Movement the British Raj was shaken to its foundations for the first time since the Revolt of 1857. Then, in February 1922, a group of peasants attacked and torched a police station in the hamlet of Chauri Chaura, in the United Provinces (now, Uttar Pradesh and Uttaranchal). Several constables perished in the conflagration. This act of violence prompted Gandhiji to call off the movement altogether. “No provocation,” he insisted, “can possibly justify (the) brutal murder of men who had been rendered defenceless and who had virtually thrown themselves on the mercy of the mob.”
(C) Dandi March
On 12th March, 1930, Gandhiji set out on a march from Dandi to Sabarmati Ashram. The Dandi March also called Salt March marked the beginning of the Civil Disobedience Movement.
(E) Second Round Table Conference
The second Round Table Conference was held in London from 7 September 1931 to 1 December 1931 with the participation of Gandhi and the Indian National Congress. At the Second Round Table Conference, Mahatma Gandhi opposed the demand for separate electorates for “lower castes”. He believed that this would prevent their integration into mainstream society and permanently segregate them from other castes Hindu. |
