Which among the following increase phagocytosis of sperms within the uterus and suppress sperm motility and the fertilising capacity of sperms ?

IUDs

The correct answer is Option (2)-IUDs

Among the options provided, Intrauterine Devices (IUDs) are known to increase phagocytosis of sperms within the uterus and suppress sperm motility and fertilizing capacity.

IUDs are inserted by doctors or expert nurses in the uterus through vagina. These Intra Uterine Devices are presently available as the non-medicated IUDs (e.g., Lippes loop), copper releasing IUDs (CuT, Cu7, Multiload 375) and the hormone releasing IUDs (Progestasert, LNG-20)

IUDs, specifically copper-releasing IUDs, alter the uterine environment, creating conditions that are hostile to sperm survival. They promote the phagocytosis of sperm by the immune cells present within the uterus, reducing sperm motility and affecting their ability to fertilize an egg. Additionally, copper IUDs release copper ions, which further interfere with sperm function and viability.

Condoms are barriers made of thin rubber/ latex sheath that are used to cover the penis in the male or vagina and cervix in the female, just before coitus so that the ejaculated semen would not enter into the female reproductive tract.

Birth control pills work differently, primarily by preventing ovulation rather than directly affecting sperm within the uterus.

Periodic abstinence is one such method in which the couples avoid or abstain from coitus from day 10 to 17 of the menstrual cycle when ovulation could be expected.

Therefore, among the options listed, IUDs are the ones that increase phagocytosis of sperms within the uterus and suppress sperm motility and fertilizing capacity.