What is the result of mineralization?

Breakdown of complex organic matter into inorganic substances

The correct answer is c) Breakdown of complex organic matter into inorganic substances.

Mineralization is the process in which complex organic matter, such as dead plant and animal material, is broken down into simpler inorganic substances. It is an essential step in the decomposition process and nutrient cycling within ecosystems.

During mineralization, microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungi, decompose the organic matter by secreting enzymes that break down complex organic compounds into their elemental components. This enzymatic activity leads to the release of inorganic substances, such as carbon dioxide, water, and inorganic nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium.

The breakdown of complex organic matter into inorganic substances through mineralization makes the nutrients more readily available for uptake by plants and other organisms. This process contributes to the recycling of nutrients within the ecosystem and the replenishment of nutrient pools in the soil.

Accumulation of humus (option a) is not the result of mineralization. Humus is a highly decomposed organic material that forms during decomposition but undergoes decomposition at an extremely slow rate. Precipitation of water-soluble inorganic nutrients (option b) typically occurs during leaching, not mineralization. Leaching of detritus into the soil horizon (option d) refers to the movement of dissolved substances, including nutrients, through the soil profile with percolating water, and is not specifically related to mineralization.