Arrange the following as per the stages of demographic transition model:
(A) Population growth is slow due to high birth and high death rate.
(B) Fertility remains high, but mortality declines at a faster pace.
(C) Fertility declines at a faster pace, but mortality declines gradually.
(D) Population growth is slow due to low birth and low death rate.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 1
The correct answer is Option (1) → (A), (B), (C), (D)
(A) Population growth is slow due to high birth and high death rate. — first. In the first stage both fertility and mortality are high, so the population grows slowly.
(B) Fertility remains high, but mortality declines at a faster pace. — second. At the start of the second stage, better sanitation and health care bring the death rate down while the birth rate stays high.
(C) Fertility declines at a faster pace, but mortality declines gradually. — third. Later in the second stage, the birth rate also starts to fall with time.
(D) Population growth is slow due to low birth and low death rate. — last. In the last stage both rates are low, and the population is stable or grows slowly.
Note: The given answer is as per the official NTA Answer Key. The book gives a three-stage model. It does not split the second stage into two, but it shows that fertility stays high at the beginning of the second stage and declines with time. So (B) comes before (C).
NCERT (2026-27): “The first stage has high fertility and high mortality because people reproduce more to compensate for the deaths due to epidemics and variable food supply. The population growth is slow and most of the people are engaged in agriculture where large families are an asset.” “Fertility remains high in the beginning of second stage but it declines with time. This is accompanied by reduced mortality rate. Improvements in sanitation and health conditions lead to decline in mortality. Because of this gap the net addition to population is high.” “In the last stage, both fertility and mortality decline considerably. The population is either stable or grows slowly.” |