Which of the following is measured in the unit called Gauss?

Magnetic induction

The correct answer is option 2. Magnetic induction.

Magnetic induction, also known as magnetic flux density or magnetic field strength, is a measure of the strength of a magnetic field at a particular point in space. It quantifies the amount of magnetic field lines passing through a unit area perpendicular to the direction of the magnetic field. In simpler terms, it describes how strongly a magnetic field is exerting its influence in a given region.

The unit used to measure magnetic induction is called Gauss, named after the German mathematician and physicist Carl Friedrich Gauss. In the centimeter-gram-second (CGS) system of units, one Gauss is defined as one Maxwell per square centimeter \((Mxcm^{-2})\).  Here's a summary of key points:

1. Magnetic Induction: 

Magnetic induction represents the strength of a magnetic field at a specific point in space.

It is a vector quantity, meaning it has both magnitude and direction.

Magnetic induction is symbolized by the letter \(B\) and is measured in units of Gauss (G) or Tesla (T) in the International System of Units (SI).

2. Gauss (G):

Gauss is a unit of magnetic induction used primarily in the CGS system of units.

One Gauss is equal to one Maxwell per square centimeter \((Mxcm^{-2})\).

It is commonly used in various applications, including magnetism research, engineering, and geophysics.

In summary, magnetic induction, which represents the strength of a magnetic field, is measured in the unit called Gauss. Gauss quantifies the density of magnetic field lines passing through a unit area and is an essential parameter in understanding and characterizing magnetic fields in various scientific and technological contexts.