Which of the following given statements are not correct?
I. Every sexually transmitted disease can be entirely cured.
II. Surgical methods, known as sterilisation, prevent the release of gametes into reproductive fluids.
III. A legal prohibition has been placed on amniocentesis due to its frequent misuse.
IV. Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP) is considered relatively safe up to 20 weeks of gestation.
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 4
The correct answer is Option (4) -I and IV
I. Infections or diseases which are transmitted through sexual intercourse are collectively called sexually transmitted infections (STI) or venereal diseases (VD) or reproductive tract infections (RTI). Except for hepatitis-B, genital herpes and HIV infections, other diseases are completely curable if detected early and treated properly.
II. Sterilization provides a permanent and sure birth control. Sterilization are generally advised for the male/female partner as a terminal method to prevent any more pregnancies. Surgical intervention blocks gamete transport and thereby prevent conception. Sterilisation procedure in the male is called ‘vasectomy’ and that in the female, ‘tubectomy’. In vasectomy, a small part of the vas deferens is removed or tied up through a small incision on the scrotum . So in this surgical intervention sperms are produced but undergo phagocytosis in epididymis .This is why vasectomy is considered a form of permanent contraception, as it prevents sperm from being present in the ejaculate.
III. Amniocentesis is a medical procedure used during pregnancy to diagnose certain genetic abnormalities or fetal infections, among other conditions. A statutory ban on using amniocentesis is specifically for sex determination in order to legally address the growing issue of female foeticide. In some countries, particularly where there's a severe problem of female foeticide or gender-based abortions, legislation has been enacted to prohibit using prenatal diagnostic techniques, including amniocentesis, solely for determining the sex of the fetus.
IV. Intentional or voluntary termination of pregnancy before full term is called medical termination of pregnancy (MTP) or induced abortion. MTPs are considered relatively safe during the first trimester, i.e., upto 12 weeks of pregnancy. Second trimester abortions are much more riskier. If the pregnancy has lasted more than 12 weeks, but fewer than 24 weeks, two registered medical practitioners must be of the opinion, formed in good faith.