Choose the correct statements in reference to the psychodynamic approach to personality.
A. Sigmund Freud used analysis of error to understand the internal functioning of the mind.
B. The therapeutic procedure developed by Freud is known as projective techniques.
C. There are three levels of consciousness i.e. id, ego and superego.
D. The libido works on the pleasure principle, and seeks immediate gratification.
E. The relative strength of id, ego & superego determines each person's stability.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 1
The correct answer is Option (1) → A, D, E only
A. Sigmund Freud used analysis of error to understand the internal functioning of the mind. Correct. Freud used free association, dream analysis, and analysis of errors to understand the internal functioning of the mind. Forgetting, mispronunciations and jokes give a way to approach the unconscious.
B. The therapeutic procedure developed by Freud is known as projective techniques. Incorrect. Freud’s therapeutic procedure is called psychoanalysis; its goal is to bring repressed unconscious material to consciousness. Projective techniques are tests of personality, such as the Rorschach Inkblot Test and the TAT, built on the idea of unconscious motives; they are not Freud’s therapy.
C. There are three levels of consciousness i.e. id, ego and superego. Incorrect. Freud’s three levels of consciousness are the conscious, the preconscious and the unconscious. Id, ego and superego are the three structural elements of personality, which reside in the unconscious as forces.
D. The libido works on the pleasure principle, and seeks immediate gratification. Correct. The instinctual life force that energises the id is called libido. It works on the pleasure principle, and seeks immediate gratification.
E. The relative strength of id, ego & superego determines each person’s stability. Correct. Freud thought of the unconscious as three competing forces: in some people the id is stronger than the superego, in others the superego. The relative strength of the id, ego and superego determines each person’s stability.
NCERT (2025-26): “Psychodynamic Approach … Freud used free association (a method in which a person is asked to openly share all the thoughts, feelings and ideas that come to her/his mind), dream analysis, and analysis of errors to understand the internal functioning of the mind.…” “Psychodynamic Approach … Freud developed a therapeutic procedure, called psychoanalysis.…” “Psychodynamic Approach … In doing so, it visualises the human mind in terms of three levels of consciousness. The first level is conscious, which includes the thoughts, feelings and actions of which people are aware. The second level is preconscious, which includes mental activity of which people may become aware only if they attend to it closely. The third level is unconscious, which includes mental activity that people are unaware of.…” “Structure of Personality … Thus, in terms of individual functioning Freud thought of the unconscious as being composed of three competing forces. In some people, the id is stronger than the superego; in others, it is the superego. The relative strength of the id, ego and superego determines each person’s stability. Freud also assumed that id is energised by two instinctual forces, called life instinct and death instinct. He paid less attention to the death instinct and focused more on the life (or sexual) instinct. The instinctual life force that energises the id is called libido. It works on the pleasure principle, and seeks immediate gratification.” |