When a nucleotide from DNA containing adenine is hydrolyzed, the products obtained are

Adenine, deoxyribose sugar and phosphoric acid.

The correct answer is Option (1) → Adenine, deoxyribose sugar and phosphoric acid.

• To understand why, we can look at the chemical composition of a DNA nucleotide. A nucleotide is the basic building block of nucleic acids and consists of three distinct chemical components. When it undergoes complete hydrolysis (the chemical breakdown of a compound due to reaction with water), it breaks back down into these three starting units.

  Components of a DNA Nucleotide

  1. Nitrogenous Base: In this specific case, the base is Adenine.

  2. Pentose Sugar: Because the source is DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid), the sugar is always $\beta$-D-2-deoxyribose. (If it were RNA, the sugar would be ribose).

  3. Phosphate Group: This is derived from phosphoric acid ($H_3PO_4$) and links the nucleotides together in a chain.

  Distinguishing Key Terms

  It is helpful to distinguish between a nucleotide and a nucleoside, as they result in different products upon hydrolysis:

  • Nucleotide Hydrolysis: Yields Base + Sugar + Phosphoric acid.

  • Nucleoside Hydrolysis: Yields only Base + Sugar (a nucleoside lacks the phosphate group).

  Why the other options are incorrect:

  • Adenine, ribose sugar and phosphoric acid: This describes a nucleotide from RNA, not DNA.

  • Adenine and ribose sugar only: This describes an RNA nucleoside.

  • Adenine and deoxyribose sugar only: This describes a DNA nucleoside.