Match List I with List II

 Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

A-II, B-I, C-IV, D-III

The correct answer is Option (3) -A-II, B-I, C-IV, D-III

Commensalism:  This is the interaction in which one species benefits and the other is neither harmed nor benefited.Example of commensalism is the interaction between sea anemone that has stinging tentacles and the clown fish that lives among them. The fish gets protection from predators which stay away from the stinging tentacles. The anemone does not appear to derive any benefit by hosting the clown fish.

Mutualism: This interaction confers benefits on both the interacting species.Lichens represent an intimate mutualistic relationship between a fungus and photosynthesising algae or cyanobacteria. Fig flower is pollinated by wasp is another example of mutualism.

Competition is best defined as a process in which the fitness of one species (measured in terms of its ‘r’ the intrinsic rate of increase) is significantly lower in the presence of another species. The Abingdon tortoise in Galapagos Islands became extinct within a decade after goats were introduced on the island, apparently due to the greater browsing efficiency of the goats.

Parasitism is generally defined as a relationship between the two living species in which one organism is benefitted at the expense of the other. The organism that is benefitted is called the parasite, while the one that is harmed is called the host. Endoparasites are those that live inside the host body at different sites (liver, kidney, lungs, red blood cells, etc.). The life cycles of endoparasites are more complex because of their extreme specialisation. Example: Ascaris and human.