What is the process called when different functional structures develop from a common ancestral form?

Adaptive radiation

The correct answer is Option (2) →Adaptive radiation

Adaptive radiation refers to the process by which different functional structures develop from a common ancestral form. This occurs when a single species or group of species evolves into several different forms that are adapted to specific environments or ecological niches. Over time, these organisms diversify and develop distinct traits to better survive in their particular habitats, even though they all originated from a common ancestor.

For example, Darwin's finches on the Galápagos Islands are a classic example of adaptive radiation, where finches evolved different beak shapes and sizes to exploit different food sources, all originating from a common ancestor.