Read the passage carefully and answer the following questions. There are mainly four series of the transition metals, 3d series (Sc to Zn), 4d series (Y to Cd), 5d series (La and Hf to Hg) and 6d series which has Ac and elements from Rf to Cn. The two series of the inner transition metals; 4f (Ce to Lu) and 5f (Th to Lr) are known as lanthanoids and actinoids respectively. Their chemical properties are transitional between those of s and p-block elements. The transition metals (with the exception of Zn, Cd and Hg) are very hard and have low volatility. Their melting and boiling points are high. Transition metals have incomplete d subshell either in neutral atom or in their ions. With partly filled d orbitals these elements exhibit certain characteristic properties such as display of a variety of oxidation states, formation of coloured ions and entering into complex formation with a variety of ligands. The transition metals and their compounds are known for their catalytic activity. |
Which of the following statements is correct? |
All transition metals have high volatility. Due to an increase in nuclear charge, there is an increase in the ionization enthalpy along the transition series from left to right. The high melting points of transition metals are attributed to the involvement of fewer number of electrons in the interatomic metallic bonding. shielding effect of d-electrons is less than that of 4f electrons |
Due to an increase in nuclear charge, there is an increase in the ionization enthalpy along the transition series from left to right. |
The correct answer is Option (2) → Due to an increase in nuclear charge, there is an increase in the ionization enthalpy along the transition series from left to right. 1. All transition metals have high volatility. (Incorrect)
2.Due to an increase in nuclear charge, there is an increase in the ionization enthalpy along the transition series from left to right. (Correct)As we move from left to right across a transition series, the nuclear charge increases because protons are added to the nucleus. Although electrons are added to the $(n-1)d$ subshell, they do not perfectly shield the outer $s$ electrons from the increasing nuclear pull. This results in a general increase in ionization enthalpy across the series. 3 The high melting points of transition metals are attributed to the involvement of fewer number of electrons in the interatomic metallic bonding. (Incorrect)
4. shielding effect of d-electrons is less than that of 4f electrons (Incorrect)
Summary Table of Properties from the Passage
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