Homozygosity is achieved through:

Inbreeding

The correct answer is Option (3)- Inbreeding

When breeding is between animals of the same breed it is called inbreeding, while crosses between different breeds are called outbreeding.

Inbreeding : Inbreeding refers to the mating of more closely related individuals within the same breed for 4- 6 generations.

The breeding strategy is as follows – superior males and superior females of the same breed are identified and mated in pairs. The progeny obtained from such matings are evaluated and superior males and females among them are identified for further mating. A superior female, in the case of cattle, is the cow or buffalo that produces more milk per lactation.

On the other hand, a superior male is the bull, which gives rise to superior progeny as compared to those of other males. A similar strategy is used for developing purelines in cattle as was used in case of peas.

Inbreeding increases homozygosity. Thus inbreeding is necessary if we want to evolve a pureline in any animal.

Inbreeding exposes harmful recessive genes that are eliminated by selection. It also helps in accumulation of superior genes and elimination of less desirable genes. Therefore, this approach, where there is selection at each step, increases the productivity of inbred population. However, continued inbreeding, especially close inbreeding, usually reduces fertility and even productivity. This is called inbreeding depression.