The product of the following chemical reaction is

Gluconic acid

The correct answer is Option (1) → Gluconic acid

Glucose is an aldohexose sugar containing an aldehyde group (–CHO) at carbon 1.

When glucose is treated with bromine water, a mild oxidation reaction occurs.

Bromine water selectively oxidizes the aldehyde group (–CHO) into a carboxylic acid group (–COOH) without affecting the primary alcohol group at the other end of the molecule.

Reaction:

Glucose + Br₂/H₂O → Gluconic acid

Thus the aldehyde group at C-1 is oxidized to form gluconic acid.

Important concept

Different oxidizing agents give different oxidation products of glucose:

• Br₂/H₂O (mild oxidant) → Oxidizes only aldehyde group → Gluconic acid
• Nitric acid (strong oxidant) → Oxidizes both aldehyde and primary alcohol groups → Saccharic acid
• Reduction → Produces sugar alcohols such as sorbitol

Option-wise Explanation

Option 1: Gluconic acid

Bromine water oxidizes the aldehyde group of glucose to a carboxylic acid group, producing gluconic acid. Therefore this option is correct.

Option 2: Saccharic acid

Saccharic acid is formed when glucose is oxidized by strong oxidizing agents such as nitric acid, which oxidize both terminal groups. Bromine water is too mild to produce this product. Hence this option is incorrect.

Option 3: Glyceraldehyde

Glyceraldehyde is a three-carbon sugar and is not produced by oxidation of glucose with bromine water. Therefore this option is incorrect.

Option 4: n-He

This option does not correspond to any valid product of this reaction. Hence it is incorrect.