Who argued that rational thinking, not morality, could lead us to be fair and judge impartially regarding how to distribute the benefits and burdens of a society?

Rawls

The correct answer is Option 2 - Rawls

Rawls argues that rational thinking, not morality, could lead us to be fair and judge impartially regarding how to distribute the benefits and burdens of a society.

Rawls argues that rational thinking, not morality, could lead us to be fair and judge impartially regarding how to distribute the benefits and burdens of a society. In his example, there are no goals or norms of morality that are given to us in advance and we remain free to determine what is best for ourselves. It is this belief which makes Rawls’ theory an important and compelling way to approach the question of fairness and justice.