What is the role of vaccination in the immune system?

To generate memory B and T-cells

The correct answer is Option (1) –To generate memory B and T-cells

Vaccination plays a crucial role in the immune system by stimulating the production of memory B and T-cells. Vaccines contain either weakened or inactivated forms of pathogens or their components, such as proteins or polysaccharides. When a vaccine is administered, these antigens are recognized by the immune system as foreign and trigger an immune response.

During the immune response, B-cells are activated and differentiate into plasma cells, which produce and release antibodies specific to the antigens presented in the vaccine. These antibodies can bind to and neutralize the actual pathogenic agents if the person is later exposed to them.

Furthermore, vaccines also activate T-cells, which are important for cellular immune responses. Certain vaccines, such as those for viral infections, elicit a specific type of T-cell response known as cytotoxic T-cell response. These T-cells can recognize and destroy infected cells, preventing the spread of the infection.

The key outcome of vaccination is the generation of memory B and T-cells. These cells "remember" the antigens encountered during vaccination, allowing for a rapid and specific immune response upon subsequent exposure to the actual pathogen. This memory response is essential for providing long-term immunity and protection against future infections.

It is important to note that vaccination primarily focuses on adaptive immunity, which includes the activation of B-cells and T-cells. It does not directly enhance innate immunity, which refers to the immediate, non-specific defense mechanisms that are present from birth. However, vaccines indirectly support innate immunity by priming the adaptive immune system to respond more effectively and rapidly to pathogens.