Match the columns:

A-s, B-q, C-r, D-p

The correct answer is option 3. A-s, B-q, C-r, D-p.

Here are the explanations for the matches:

Azeotropes are solutions that have the same composition in the liquid and vapor phases. This means that when the azeotrope is boiled, the vapor that evaporates will have the same composition as the liquid that remains. Azeotropes are formed when the intermolecular forces between the solute and solvent are similar to the intermolecular forces between the solute and solute and the solvent and solvent.

A mixture of \(CHCl_3\)​​ and benzene shows negative deviation from ideal behavior because the intermolecular forces between \(CHCl_3\)​​ and benzene are stronger than the intermolecular forces between \(CHCl_3\)​​ molecules and benzene molecules. This stronger intermolecular attraction causes the molecules in the solution to be closer together than they would be in an ideal solution. This results in a lower vapor pressure and a higher boiling point for the solution than would be expected for an ideal solution.

The vant't Hoff factor is a measure of how much the presence of a solute affects the colligative properties of a solution. The van't Hoff factor is equal to the number of moles of particles that are formed when one mole of the solute dissolves in a solvent. For example, if one mole of NaCl dissolves in water, it will form two moles of particles (one mole of \(Na^+\) ions and one mole of \(Cl^-\) ions). Therefore, the van't Hoff factor for NaCl in water is 2.

Molality is a measure of the concentration of a solution expressed as the number of moles of solute dissolved in one kilogram of solvent. For example, a solution that contains 1 mole of solute dissolved in 1 kilogram of solvent has a molality of 1 mol/kg.