Statement I: Copper is dissolved at anode and deposited at cathode

Statement II: Oxidation takes place at anode and reduction at cathode

Both Statement I and Statement II are correct and Statement II is the correct explanation of Statement I

The correct answer is option 1. Both Statement I and Statement II are correct and Statement II is the correct explanation of Statement I.

 Statement I: Copper is dissolved at anode and deposited at cathode.

In an electroplating or electrorefining process involving copper, we use an electrolytic cell where copper metal serves as the anode and the cathode is a surface where copper is deposited. At the anode (positive electrode), copper metal is oxidized. The chemical reaction occurring here is:

\(\text{Cu (s)} \rightarrow \text{Cu}^{2+} (aq) + 2e^-\)

This reaction means that solid copper (Cu) at the anode loses electrons and becomes copper ions (\(\text{Cu}^{2+}\)), which dissolve into the solution.  At the cathode (negative electrode), copper ions from the solution are reduced and deposited as solid copper. The chemical reaction at the cathode is:

\(\text{Cu}^{2+} (aq) + 2e^- \rightarrow \text{Cu (s)}\)

This means that copper ions in the solution gain electrons and form solid copper, which gets deposited on the cathode.

Statement II: Oxidation takes place at anode and reduction at cathode

This statement describes a fundamental principle of electrochemical cells:

Oxidation is the loss of electrons, and it always occurs at the anode. This is where the substance (in this case, copper) is oxidized, meaning it loses electrons and dissolves into the solution as ions

Reduction is the gain of electrons, and it always occurs at the cathode. This is where the ions (in this case, \(\text{Cu}^{2+}\)) gain electrons and are deposited as solid metal.

Relationship Between Statements: Statement II as Explanation for Statement I:

The process described in Statement I (copper dissolving at the anode and depositing at the cathode) is a direct outcome of the principles outlined in Statement II. The dissolution of copper at the anode (Statement I) occurs because oxidation (loss of electrons) happens at the anode (Statement II). The deposition of copper at the cathode (Statement I) happens because reduction (gain of electrons) takes place at the cathode (Statement II).

Conclusion: Both statements are accurate:

Statement I describes the specific processes occurring at the electrodes during the electroplating of copper. Statement II provides the underlying electrochemical principle explaining why copper dissolves at the anode and deposits at the cathode. Thus, the correct choice is: Both Statement I and Statement II are correct and Statement II is the correct explanation of Statement I.