Read the following passage carefully and answer the given questions.

Insulin consists of two short polypeptide chains- chain A and chain B, that are linked together by disulphide bridges. Some strains of Bacillus thuringiensis produce proteins that kill certain insects such as lepidopterans, coleopterans and dipterans. Bt toxin protein is converted into an active form of toxin due to the alkaline pH of the gut which solubilise the crystals. Transgenic animals that produce useful biological products can be created by the introduction of the portion of DNA (or genes) which codes for a particular product such as human protein (α-1-antitrypsin) used to treat emphysema. Plants, bacteria, fungi and animals whose genes have been altered by manipulation are called Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO). GM plants have been useful in many ways. Genetic modification has: (i) made crops more tolerant to abiotic stresses. (ii) reduced reliance on chemical pesticides (pest-resistant crops). (iii) helped to reduce post harvest losses. (iv) increased efficiency of mineral usage by plants (this prevents early exhaustion of fertility of soil). (v) enhanced nutritional value of food.

Which one of the followings is not true about insulin?

Insulin is used in diabetic patient in hypoglycemic condition.

The correct answer is Option (4) → Insulin is used in diabetic patient in hypoglycemic condition.

Insulin is composed of two peptide chains referred to as the A chain and B chain. A and B chains are linked together by two disulfide bonds, and an additional disulfide is formed within the A chain. In most species, the A chain consists of 21 amino acids and the B chain of 30 amino acids.
In mammals, including humans, insulin is synthesised as a pro-hormone (like a pro-enzyme, the pro-hormone also needs to be processed before it becomes a fully mature and functional hormone) which contains an extra stretch,called the C peptide. This C peptide is not present in the mature insulin and is removed during maturation into insulin.The main challenge for production of insulin using rDNA techniques was getting insulin assembled into a mature form.

In 1983, Eli Lilly an American company prepared two DNA sequences corresponding to A and B, chains of human insulin and introduced them in plasmids of E. coli to produce insulin chains. Chains A and B were produced separately, extracted and combined by creating disulfide bonds to form human insulin.

Insulin is used in diabetic patients, but not in hypoglycemic (low blood sugar) conditions.Insulin lowers blood glucose levels by helping cells absorb sugar.In hypoglycemia (low blood sugar), giving insulin would worsen the condition, potentially leading to dangerous complications like seizures or unconsciousness.In hyperglycemia (high blood sugar), such as in Type 1 or advanced Type 2 diabetes.It helps regulate blood sugar when the body cannot produce enough insulin naturally.