Which of the following is/are the characteristic property(ies) of the solid state?

All of these

The correct answer is option 4. All of these.

The solid state of matter has several characteristic properties that distinguish it from other states of matter (such as liquids and gases). Let's review the given properties to determine if they are indeed characteristic of solids:

Properties of Solids

1. Definite Mass, Volume, and Shape:

Solids have a fixed mass, occupy a definite volume, and maintain a specific shape. This is due to the fixed positions of the particles (atoms, ions, or molecules) within the solid structure.

2. Short Intermolecular Distances:

In solids, the particles are packed closely together, resulting in short intermolecular distances. This close packing is what gives solids their rigid structure.

3. Strong Intermolecular Forces:

The forces of attraction between particles in a solid are strong, which helps to maintain the fixed positions of the particles and contributes to the solid's definite shape and volume.

Given these properties, all the listed characteristics are true for solids.

Therefore, the correct answer is 4. All of these.

This means solids have definite mass, volume, and shape, short intermolecular distances, and strong intermolecular forces.