Which of the following elements’ salts are most soluble?

Sodium

The correct answer is option 3. Sodium.

The solubility is the ability of a compound, it may be a liquid, solid or gaseous substance to dissolve in the solvent and there is a formation of a solution.

o The solubility is mainly dependent upon the solvent, hydration energy, lattice energy, temperature, and pressure.

o The solubility of a compound mainly depends upon the hydration energy and lattice energy.

o If the hydration energy of the compound is greater than lattice energy, the solubility is more.

■ Hydration energy (also hydration enthalpy) is the amount of energy released when one mole of ions undergo hydration.

■Lattice energy is defined as the amount of energy required to completely separate one mole of a solid ionic compound into a gaseous constituent.

o The hydration energy of sodium is greater than its lattice energy.

o And the size of sodium ions is smaller than potassium and other ions.

o Therefore, the sodium ion can easily create a hydration sphere around the ion than other ions.

• The sodium atom readily reacts with water and it dissolves in it.