Read the passage and answer the questions:

The Buddha (and other teachers) taught orally through discussion and debate. Men and women (perhaps children as well) attended these discourses and discussed what they heard. None of the Buddha's speeches were written down during his lifetime. After his death (c. fifth-fourth century BCE) his teachings were compiled by his disciples at a council of "elders" or senior monks at Vesali (Pali for Vaishali in present-day Bihar). These compilations were known as Tipitaka - literally, three baskets to hold different types of texts. They were first transmitted orally and then written and classified according to length as well as subject matter.

The Vinaya Pitaka included rules and regulations for those who joined the sangha or monastic order; the Buddha's teachings were included in the Sutta Pitaka; and the Abhidhamma Pitaka dealt with philosophical matters. Each pitaka comprised a number of individual texts. Later, commentaries were written on these texts by Buddhist scholars.

As Buddhism travelled to new regions such as Sri Lanka, other texts such as the Dipavamsa (literally, the chronicle of the island) and Mahavamsa (the great chronicle) were written, containing regional histories of Buddhism. Many of these works contained biographies of the Buddha. Some of the oldest texts are in Pali, while later compositions are in Sanskrit.

When Buddhism spread to East Asia, pilgrims such as Fa Xian and Xuan Zang travelled all the way from China to India in search of texts. These they took back to their own country, where they were translated by scholars. Indian Buddhist teachers also travelled to faraway places, carrying texts to disseminate the teachings of the Buddha.

Buddhist texts were preserved in manuscripts for several centuries in monasteries in different parts of Asia. Modern translations have been prepared from Pali, Sanskrit, Chinese and Tibetan texts.

Name the Chinese pilgrim who visited India?

Fa Xian

The correct answer is Option (4) → Fa Xian

The reason for identifying Fa Xian as the Chinese pilgrim who visited India is based on historical records and his significant role in Buddhist history and exploration:

Historical Records: Fa Xian is a well-documented Chinese pilgrim who made a notable journey to India during the 4th and 5th centuries CE. His travels are extensively documented in his own written accounts and in other historical texts.

Purpose of the Journey: Fa Xian undertook his journey to India in search of Buddhist scriptures, especially the Vinaya (monastic rules). He spent several years in India, visiting numerous Buddhist monasteries and collecting scriptures. 

Written Records: Fa Xian documented his travels, observations, and experiences in his work known as the "Record of Buddhistic Kingdoms," which is an important historical source for understanding early Buddhism and the state of India during his time.

Significance: Fa Xian's pilgrimage to India is significant because it not only contributed to the preservation and dissemination of Buddhist texts but also provided valuable information about the geography, culture, and the state of Buddhism in ancient India.

So, the correct option is [4].