The correct answer is Opton (2) - III, II, IV, V and I
Explanation of the steps involved in the process of recombinant DNA technology:
- Isolation of a desired DNA fragment: In this step, the specific DNA fragment containing the gene of interest is isolated from the source organism. This can be done using various methods, such as PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) or restriction enzyme digestion, depending on the type of DNA fragment required.
- Amplification of the gene of interest: Once the desired DNA fragment is isolated, it needs to be amplified to generate a sufficient quantity of DNA for further manipulation. PCR is commonly used to amplify the DNA fragment, which allows for the rapid production of multiple copies of the gene of interest.
- Ligation of the DNA fragment into a vector: A vector is a carrier DNA molecule used to transfer the gene of interest into the host organism. In this step, the isolated DNA fragment (gene of interest) is inserted into the vector DNA using the enzyme DNA ligase, which joins the two DNA molecules together.
- Insertion of recombinant DNA into the host: After the DNA fragment is ligated into the vector, the recombinant DNA is ready for transfer into the host organism, such as bacteria, plant cells, or animal cells. This transfer is usually achieved through transformation methods specific to the host organism, such as electroporation or biolistics.
- Extraction of the desired gene product: Once the recombinant DNA is successfully transferred into the host, the host cells begin to produce the desired gene product, such as a protein or enzyme encoded by the gene of interest. The gene product is then extracted and purified for various applications, such as medical treatments, biotechnology, or research.
By following these steps, scientists can manipulate DNA to introduce specific genes into different organisms, leading to the production of desired gene products with various applications in medicine, agriculture, and industry.
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