Which type of diversity is exemplified by the variation in the potency and concentration of the chemical (reserpine) produced by the medicinal plant Rauwolfia vomitoria growing in the Himalayan ranges?

Genetic diversity

The correct answer is Option (3) -Genetic diversity

The variation observed in the medicinal plant Rauwolfia vomitoria, concerning the potency and concentration of the chemical reserpine that it produces, is an example of genetic diversity. Genetic diversity refers to the variety of genetic information contained within individuals of the same species or populations. In the case of Rauwolfia vomitoria, different individuals of the species exhibit variations in the specific genes that influence the production of reserpine, leading to differences in potency and concentration.

Species diversity (1) refers to the variety of different species within a specific area or ecosystem. Ecological diversity (2) pertains to the range of different ecosystems, habitats, and ecological processes found within a region.

Therefore, the correct answer is (3) genetic diversity.