Match the following:

1-C, 2-A, 3-D, 4-B

The production concept: In production concept, the focus of business activities was on production of goods. It was believed that profits could be maximized by producing at large scale, thereby reducing the average cost of production.

The product concept: In product concept, the emphasis of the firms shifted from quantity of production to quality of products. The focus of business activity changed to bringing continuous improvement in the quality, incorporating new features, etc.

The selling concept:  In selling concept, firms undertook aggressive selling and promotional efforts to make customers buy their products. The use of promotional techniques such as advertising, personal selling and sales promotion were considered essential for selling of products. Thus, the focus of business firms shifted to pushing the sale of products through aggressive selling techniques with a view to persuade, lure or coax the buyers to buy the products

The marketing concept: The marketing concept focused on satisfaction of customer’s needs as they considered it to be the key to the success of any organization in the market.