Formaldehyde is the first member of the aldehyde series. It is present in green leaves of plants where its presence is supposed to be due to the reaction of \(CO_2\) with water in the presence of sunlight and chlorophyll. Commercially, formaldehyde is obtained by the controlled oxidation of methane in the presence of molybdenum oxide \((MoO)\) acting as a catalyst. Formaldehyde is a constituent of a number of polymers also called resins. These are non volatile solids or semi solids which are obtained directly from certain plants and can be synthesized in the laboratory.

Match List I with List II

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I

The correct answer is option 2. A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I.

Let us break down the matches in detail for each resin and its corresponding characteristics.

A. Bakelite formaldehyde resin: II. Phenol and formaldehyde

Bakelite is a type of synthetic polymer made from phenol and formaldehyde through a condensation reaction. It was the first synthetic resin to be made and is known for its hardness and heat resistance.

Bakelite is used in a variety of products such as electrical insulators, handles for kitchenware, and other items requiring durability and resistance to heat. It is also used to make unbreakable cups and laminated sheets due to its strong, durable nature.

B. Melamine formaldehyde resin: III. Melamine and formaldehyde

Melamine formaldehyde resin is produced from the reaction of melamine and formaldehyde. It is known for its high durability and resistance to heat and chemicals.

Melamine formaldehyde is used in the production of kitchenware, dinnerware, and as a laminate for surfaces due to its strong, durable, and easy-to-clean properties.

C. Urea formaldehyde resin: IV. Unbreakable cups and laminated sheets

Urea formaldehyde resin is made from the reaction of urea and formaldehyde. It is a common thermosetting plastic used in various applications.

Urea formaldehyde resin is widely used in the manufacture of adhesives, particleboard, and as a binder in other wood products. It is less heat-resistant compared to Bakelite and Melamine resins. Urea formaldehyde is a type of condensation polymer, though this is a general match and not as specific as the others.

D. Bakelite & Melamine formaldehyde resin: I. Condensation polymers

Both Bakelite and Melamine formaldehyde resins are types of condensation polymers. Condensation polymers are formed by the reaction of monomers with the elimination of small molecules like water.

This category includes both Bakelite and Melamine formaldehyde resins as examples of condensation polymers. Bakelite & Melamine Formaldehyde Resin (D) is best matched withboth types of resins fall under the category of condensation polymers.

Thus, the correct answer is 2. A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I