Which of the following results in "Environmental crisis"?

Resource extraction rate is above regeneration

The correct answer is Option 1: Resource extraction rate is above regeneration

• Option 1: Resource extraction rate is above regeneration This is a primary cause of an environmental crisis. When we extract renewable resources (like timber or fish) faster than the environment can replenish them, we deplete the natural capital. This leads to the collapse of ecosystems and the loss of biodiversity.

• Option 2: Waste generation is below the assimilation capacity. Incorrect. This is actually a sustainable state, not a crisis. "Assimilation capacity" refers to the environment's ability to absorb and neutralize waste without being harmed. If we produce less waste than nature can handle, the environment remains healthy and balanced.

NCERT: An environmental crisis occurs when the rate of resource extraction exceeds the natural regeneration capacity of the environment. This leads to resource depletion and environmental degradation. On the other hand, waste generation below the environment's assimilation capacity would not result in a crisis, as the environment can handle the waste without harmful effects.