Match List I with List II

1-b; 2-d; 3-c;4-a

The correct answer is option 2. 1-b; 2-d; 3-c;4-a. 

Let us delve into the details of each medication:

1. Tegamet:

Tegamet is a brand name for the medication cimetidine, which belongs to a class of drugs known as antacids. Antacids are commonly used to alleviate symptoms of acid-related disorders, such as heartburn, indigestion, and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). They work by neutralizing stomach acid, which helps to relieve symptoms associated with excessive acidity in the stomach and esophagus. Cimetidine specifically inhibits the action of histamine at H2 receptors in the stomach, reducing the production of stomach acid. By reducing gastric acid secretion, cimetidine helps to alleviate symptoms of acid reflux and peptic ulcers, allowing the esophagus and stomach lining to heal. Tegamet is available in various formulations, including tablets and oral liquid suspensions, and is typically taken orally as directed by a healthcare professional.

2. Dimetapp:

Dimetapp is a brand name for a range of over-the-counter medications that contain antihistamines and/or decongestants. Antihistamines, such as diphenhydramine or chlorpheniramine, are commonly included in Dimetapp formulations to provide relief from allergy symptoms, such as sneezing, itching, watery eyes, and runny nose. Antihistamines work by blocking the action of histamine, a substance released by the immune system in response to allergens, thereby reducing allergic symptoms. Dimetapp may also contain decongestants, such as pseudoephedrine or phenylephrine, which help to relieve nasal congestion by constricting blood vessels in the nasal passages. Dimetapp is available in various formulations, including liquids, tablets, and syrups, and is typically taken orally as directed by a healthcare professional or according to the instructions on the product label.

3. Valium:

Valium is a brand name for the medication diazepam, which belongs to a class of drugs known as benzodiazepines. Benzodiazepines are commonly used as tranquillizers or anxiolytics to treat anxiety disorders, panic attacks, muscle spasms, and certain types of seizures. Valium works by enhancing the activity of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a neurotransmitter in the brain that has inhibitory effects, leading to sedation, relaxation, and a reduction in anxiety. Valium is available in various formulations, including tablets, oral solutions, and injectable forms, and is typically taken orally or administered by injection as directed by a healthcare professional.

4. Heroin:

Heroin is an illicit opioid drug that is derived from morphine, which is a naturally occurring substance extracted from the opium poppy plant. Heroin belongs to a class of drugs known as narcotic analgesics or opioids, which are potent pain-relieving medications. Opioids work by binding to opioid receptors in the brain and spinal cord, where they exert their analgesic effects by modulating pain perception and response. Heroin is often abused for its euphoric effects, which result from the rapid onset of intense pleasure and relaxation caused by its interaction with opioid receptors in the brain. However, heroin abuse can lead to serious health consequences, including addiction, overdose, respiratory depression, and death. Due to its high potential for abuse and addiction, heroin is classified as a Schedule I controlled substance under the Controlled Substances Act in many countries, including the United States.

Each of these medications serves a distinct purpose in medical treatment, but they should be used responsibly and under the guidance of a healthcare professional to ensure safe and effective therapy.