Some states like Kerala and Tamilnadu have a very low Total Fertility Rate. (1.7 each) in 2009, What is the social-cultural reason behind low TFR in these states?

Increase in levels of education and awareness

The correct answer is option 3: Increase in levels of education and awareness

States like Kerala and Tamil Nadu have achieved low Total Fertility Rates (TFR) primarily due to higher levels of education, especially among women, along with greater health awareness, better access to family planning services, and higher social development indicators.

Educated and empowered populations are more likely to delay marriage, opt for smaller families, and make informed reproductive choices, all of which contribute to lower TFR.