The correct answer is Option (1) → B, C, E only
B. It rests on inequality and exclusion:
- Sanskritisation is criticized for perpetuating inequality and exclusion within society. It promotes the idea that the customs, practices, and lifestyle of the "upper castes" are superior and should be emulated by lower castes. This inherently reinforces social hierarchies and discrimination based on caste, leading to the marginalization and oppression of lower-caste communities.
C. It accepts the ways of 'upper caste' as superior:
- Sanskritisation is criticized for promoting the cultural norms and values of the upper castes as inherently superior. This leads to the imposition of upper-caste customs and traditions on lower-caste communities, often erasing their own cultural heritage and identities. It reinforces the idea of caste-based superiority and inferiority, contributing to social divisions and discrimination.
E. It encouraged local caste hierarchy:
- Sanskritisation is criticized for reinforcing and perpetuating local caste hierarchies. While it may allow certain lower-caste groups to adopt practices and rituals associated with higher castes, it does not fundamentally challenge the existing caste structure. Instead, it may lead to the creation of new hierarchies within local communities based on who can emulate the practices of the dominant castes more effectively. This can further entrench social divisions and inequalities within society.
These points highlight the negative consequences of Sanskritisation, including its role in reinforcing caste-based discrimination, perpetuating social inequalities, and undermining the cultural autonomy of lower-caste communities. |
