Read the passage and answer the following questions :
Translation refers to the process of polymerisation of amino acids to form a polypeptide. The order and sequence of amino acids are defined by the sequence of bases in the mRNA. The amino acids are joined by a bond which is known as a peptide bond. Formation of a peptide bond requires energy.

What is translation ?

Process of polymerisation of amino acids to form a polypeptide.

The correct answer is Option (3) -Process of polymerisation of amino acids to form a polypeptide.

Translation is the process within cells where the genetic information encoded in messenger RNA (mRNA) is used to synthesize proteins. It involves the polymerization of amino acids to form a polypeptide chain according to the instructions carried by the mRNA.

Among the options provided, the correct definition of translation is:

Process of polymerization of amino acids to form a polypeptide.

During translation, ribosomes read the sequence of codons on the mRNA and match each codon to the corresponding transfer RNA (tRNA) molecule carrying the complementary anticodon and specific amino acid. As the ribosome moves along the mRNA, it catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids carried by tRNAs, leading to the sequential assembly of amino acids into a polypeptide chain. This process continues until the ribosome reaches a stop codon on the mRNA, signaling the termination of protein synthesis and the release of the newly formed polypeptide.