Which of the following intermolecular is also called as London force?

Dispersion Forces

The correct answer is option 1. Dispersion Forces.

London dispersion forces, also known as van der Waals forces or dispersion forces, are a type of intermolecular force that arises from the temporary fluctuations in electron distribution around molecules. These forces are generally present in all molecules, regardless of their polarity. Here's an explanation of the options:

1. Dispersion Forces:

Dispersion forces, or London dispersion forces, are the result of temporary shifts in electron density within an atom or molecule. These fluctuations create temporary dipoles, leading to attractive forces between neighboring molecules.

2. Dipole-Induced Dipole Forces:

This refers to the interaction between a polar molecule (with a permanent dipole moment) and a nonpolar molecule. The polar molecule induces a temporary dipole in the nonpolar molecule, leading to an attractive force between them. While this involves dipole interactions, it is not specifically associated with London dispersion forces.

3. Dipole-Dipole Forces:

Dipole-dipole forces occur between polar molecules with permanent dipole moments. It involves the attraction between the positive end of one molecule and the negative end of another. This is a different type of intermolecular force compared to London dispersion forces.

4. Hydrogen Bond Forces:

Hydrogen bonds are a specific type of dipole-dipole interaction that occurs when hydrogen is bonded to highly electronegative atoms (such as oxygen, nitrogen, or fluorine). While hydrogen bonding is a stronger force compared to London dispersion forces, it is not the same as London dispersion forces.

Therefore, the correct answer is option 1. Dispersion Forces, which are also known as London dispersion forces.