Non-traditional conceptions of security vary according to local contexts. An example is-
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 2
The correct answer is Option (2) → Tutsi tribe in Rwanda faced a threat to its existence as they were killed by Hutu tribe
Option (1) Anti-ballistic Missile Treaty tried to stop the US and Soviet Union from using ballistic missiles. — Incorrect. The ABM Treaty of 1972 is an arms control treaty between the two superpowers.
Option (2) Tutsi tribe in Rwanda faced a threat to its existence as they were killed by Hutu tribe — Correct. A security problem must threaten the very existence of the referent (a state or a group of people), though the nature of the threat differs. In 1994 the Tutsi tribe in Rwanda faced a threat to its existence as nearly five lakh of its people were killed by the rival Hutu tribe; for the Maldives the threat is global warming, for Southern Africa it is HIV-AIDS. So non-traditional threats vary according to local contexts.
Option (3) Non-Proliferation Treaty abolished nuclear weapons. — Incorrect. The NPT of 1968 did not abolish nuclear weapons; it only limited the number of countries that could have them. It too is an arms control treaty of traditional security.
Option (4) Non-governmental organisations initiate cooperative security measures in conflict areas — Incorrect. Cooperative security can involve many players, among them international organisations, non-governmental organisations, businesses and great personalities.
NCERT (2026-27): “New Sources of Threats … To qualify as a security problem, therefore, an issue must share a minimum common criterion, say, of threatening the very existence of the referent (a state or group of people) though the precise nature of this threat may be different. For example, the Maldives may feel threatened by global warming because a big part of its territory may be submerged with the rising sea level, whereas for countries in Southern Africa, HIV-AIDS poses a serious threat as one in six adults has the disease (one in three for Botswana, the worst case). In 1994, the Tutsi tribe in Rwanda faced a threat to its existence as nearly five lakh of its people were killed by the rival Hutu tribe in a matter of weeks. This shows that non-traditional conceptions of security, like traditional conceptions of security, vary according to local contexts. Traditional Security and Cooperation … Arms control regulates the acquisition or development of weapons. The Anti-ballistic Missile (ABM) Treaty in 1972 tried to stop the United States and Soviet Union from using ballistic missiles as a defensive shield to launch a nuclear attack.… The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) of 1968 was an arms control treaty in the sense that it regulated the acquisition of nuclear weapons: those countries that had tested and manufactured nuclear weapons before 1967 were allowed to keep their weapons; and those that had not done so were to give up the right to acquire them. The NPT did not abolish nuclear weapons; rather, it limited the number of countries that could have them.” |