Two statements are given, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R):
Assertion (A) : The British capitalism was based on a capitalist system which directly interfered to ensure greatest profit and benefit to British capitalism.
Reason (R): Every policy of Britishers was geared towards the strengthening and expansion of British capitalism.

Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation for (A)

The correct answer is Option 1: Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation for A.

Assertion (A): The British capitalism was based on a capitalist system which directly interfered to ensure greatest profit and benefit to British capitalism. — Correct. British colonialism was not limited to political control; it actively interfered in economic activities to serve the interests of British capitalism. It changed land ownership laws, controlled agricultural production, influenced manufacturing and regulated the use of natural resources to maximise economic gains.

Reason (R): Every policy of Britishers was geared towards the strengthening and expansion of British capitalism. — Correct. Colonial policies were designed to expand British economic interests by ensuring a steady supply of raw materials, creating markets for British goods and controlling production and distribution systems.

Assertion–Reason Relationship: Reason correctly explains the Assertion. The reason British rule interfered in different sectors was that its policies were aimed at strengthening and expanding British capitalism. Therefore, economic interventions were not random but were planned to benefit British economic interests.

NCERT:  "...In contrast British colonialism which was based on a capitalist system directly interfered to ensure greatest profit and benefit to British capitalism. Every policy was geared towards the strengthening and expansion of British capitalism. For instance it changed the very laws of the land. It changed not just land ownership laws but decided even what crops ought to be grown and 4 what ought not to be. It meddled with the manufacturing sector. It altered the way production and distribution of goods took place. It entered into the forests. It cleared trees and started tea plantations. It brought in Forest Acts that changed the lives of pastoralists. They were prevented from entering many forests that had earlier provided valuable forage for their cattle."