What are "biodiversity hotspots" regions known for?

High levels of species richness and endemism

The correct answer is Option (2)- High levels of species richness and endemism

"Biodiversity hotspots"  regions are known for high levels of species richness and endemism. These areas have exceptionally high levels of biodiversity, meaning they support a wide variety of plant and animal species. Additionally, they are home to a significant number of species that are found nowhere else on Earth, known as endemic species. Biodiversity hotspots are crucial areas for conservation efforts as they harbor a large proportion of the world's unique and irreplaceable species. Protecting these regions is essential to safeguarding global biodiversity and preventing species extinctions.