What is represented by the symbol Λ^o_m?

Both Option 1 and Option 2

The correct answer is option 3. Both Option 1 and Option 2.

Let us delve deeper into the concept of \( \Lambda_m^\circ \) and understand why both "Limiting Molar Conductivity" and "Molar Conductivity at Infinite Dilution" are accurate descriptions.

Molar Conductivity (\( \Lambda_m \))

Molar conductivity is defined as the conductivity of an electrolyte solution divided by the molar concentration of the electrolyte. It is given by the formula:

\(\Lambda_m = \frac{\kappa}{c} \)

where:

\( \Lambda_m \) is the molar conductivity,

\( \kappa \) is the conductivity of the solution,

\( c \) is the molar concentration of the electrolyte.

Limiting Molar Conductivity (\( \Lambda_m^\circ \))

Limiting molar conductivity, or molar conductivity at infinite dilution, is the value of molar conductivity when the concentration of the electrolyte approaches zero. At this point, the ions are so far apart that they do not interact with each other, and each ion contributes independently to the conductivity of the solution.

Importance of \( \Lambda_m^\circ \)

Independent Ion Movement: At infinite dilution, ions are sufficiently separated to move independently without interacting with each other. This allows for the measurement of the inherent ability of each ion to conduct electricity.

Maximum Value: It represents the maximum possible molar conductivity for an electrolyte since any further dilution would not increase the conductivity per unit concentration.

Representation and Synonyms

Limiting Molar Conductivity: The term emphasizes the concept that it is the limiting value of molar conductivity as concentration approaches zero.

Molar Conductivity at Infinite Dilution: This term explicitly describes the condition (infinite dilution) under which the molar conductivity is measured.

Both terms describe the same phenomenon, which is why \( \Lambda_m^\circ \) can be accurately referred to by either term. This value is crucial for understanding the intrinsic conductive properties of ions in solution without the influence of inter-ionic interactions.

Given the explanation, it's clear that the symbol \( \Lambda_m^\circ \) represents both "Limiting Molar Conductivity" and "Molar Conductivity at Infinite Dilution." Therefore, the correct interpretation includes both Both Option 1 and Option 2.