Due to which of the following reactions are household bleaching agents using phosphorous, sulphur and chlorine formed?

Disproportionation reaction

The correct answer is option 4. Disproportionation reaction.

Household bleaching agents such as those using phosphorous, sulfur, and chlorine are typically formed through a disproportionation reaction.

Disproportionation reactions involve a single substance undergoing both oxidation and reduction simultaneously, resulting in the formation of two different oxidation states of the element. In the case of household bleaching agents, elements like chlorine undergo disproportionation reactions to form bleach compounds. For example, chlorine gas \((Cl_2)\) can undergo disproportionation in the presence of water to form hydrochloric acid \((HCl)\) and hypochlorous acid \((HOCl)\), which are effective bleaching agents. Similarly, other elements like sulfur and phosphorus can undergo disproportionation to form bleaching agents.