The correct answer is Option (3) → A, B, E, D, C
- A. Identifying the cognition to be changed: The first step is to pinpoint the existing belief or attitude that contributes to the tobacco abuse (e.g., "Chewing tobacco helps me relax" or "Tobacco isn't that harmful to me").
- B. Establishing the correct cognition that is understanding tobacco causes oral cancer: Introduce a new, conflicting cognition that is factually correct and contradicts the existing one (e.g., "Tobacco causes oral cancer, which is a serious and potentially fatal disease").
- E. Understanding that both the cognitions are dissonant or 'out of tune'. The individual must become aware of the conflict between their existing cognition (e.g., "Tobacco is fine for me") and the new, challenging cognition ("Tobacco causes oral cancer"). This awareness of the "out of tune" nature creates the uncomfortable state of dissonance.
- D. Adopting the correct attitude that is, I will not chew tobacco: To reduce the uncomfortable dissonance, the individual needs to change one of their cognitions or behaviors. The desired outcome is for them to change their attitude and behavior regarding tobacco, adopting the "correct" attitude and deciding not to chew tobacco. This resolves the dissonance.
- C. Resulting in cognitive consistency: Once the individual adopts the new attitude and behavior (not chewing tobacco), their cognitions (e.g., "Tobacco causes cancer" and "I don't chew tobacco") become consistent, and the dissonance is resolved.
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