Read the following passage and answer the questions.
The Green Revolution was a Government Program of Agricultural Modernisation. It was largely funded by international agencies that was based on providing high-yielding variety (HYV) or hybrid seeds along with pesticides, fertilisers and other inputs to farmers. Green Revolution programs were introduced only in areas that had assured irrigation because sufficient water was necessary for the new seeds and methods of cultivation. It was also targeted mainly at the wheat and rice growing areas. As a result, only certain regions such as Punjab, western U.P., coastal Andhra Pradesh and parts of Tamil Nadu received the first wave of the Revolution. In the first phase of the Green Revolution, in the 1960s and 1970s, the introduction of new technology seemed to be increasing inequalities in rural society. Green Revolution crops were highly profitable, mainly because they yielded more produce. Well to do farmers who had access to land, capital, technology and know how, and those who could invest in the new seeds and fertilisers, could increase their production and earn more money. However, in many cases it led to the displacement of tenant-cultivators. For landowners began to take back land from their tenants and cultivate it directly because cultivation was becoming more profitable. This made the rich farmers better off, and worsened the condition of the landless and marginal holders.
Which among these is not initiated in Green Revolution?
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 3
The correct answer is Option (3) → Organic farming
Option (3) Organic farming — Not part of the Green Revolution (Correct). Organic farming grows crops without chemical fertilisers and pesticides, using compost, manure and natural pest control instead. The Green Revolution did the opposite: it spread chemical inputs, so organic farming was never one of its measures.
Note: The term ‘organic farming’ is not in NCERT. It means farming with natural inputs, such as compost and manure, in place of chemical fertilisers and pesticides.
NCERT (2025-26): “4.3 The Green Revolution and its Social Consequences … It was largely funded by international agencies that was based on providing high-yielding variety(HYV) or hybrid seeds along with pesticides, fertilisers, and other inputs, to farmers. Green Revolution programmes were introduced only in areas that had assured irrigation, because sufficient water was necessary for the new seeds and methods of cultivation. It was also targeted mainly at the wheat and rice-growing areas. As a result, only certain regions such as the Punjab, western U.P., coastal Andhra Pradesh, and parts of Tamil Nadu, received the first wave of the Green Revolution package.…” “…Agricultural productivity increased sharply because of the new technology. India was able to become self-sufficient in foodgrain production for the first time in decades. The Green Revolution has been considered a major achievement of the government and of the scientists who contributed to the effort.…” |