What is the major product formed when diazonium salt undergoes Gatterman reaction ?
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 1
The correct answer is Option (1) → Haloarene
In the Gattermann reaction, a diazonium salt solution is treated with the corresponding halogen acid in the presence of copper powder; the –\( \ce{N2^{+}} \) group is replaced by chlorine or bromine and an aryl halide (haloarene) is formed, with nitrogen gas released:
\( \displaystyle \ce{ArN2+X-} \xrightarrow{\ce{Cu}/\ce{HX}} \ce{ArX + N2 ^} \qquad (\ce{X}=\ce{Cl},\ \ce{Br}) \)
The Sandmeyer reaction gives the same product with cuprous halide:
\( \displaystyle \ce{ArN2+X-} \xrightarrow{\ce{Cu2X2}/\ce{HX}} \ce{ArX + N2 ^} \)
NCERT (2026-27 edition):
Replacement by Halide or Cyanide Ion – “The Cl–, Br– and CN– nucleophiles can easily be introduced in the benzene ring in the presence of Cu(I) ion. This reaction is called Sandmeyer reaction. … Alternatively, chlorine or bromine can also be introduced in the benzene ring by treating the diazonium salt solution with corresponding halogen acid in the presence of copper powder. This is referred as Gatterman reaction.”