How are secular states typically seen in their treatment of religion?

They treat religion as a private matter.

The correct answer is Option 2 - They treat religion as a private matter.

Secular states are widely seen as treating religion as only a private matter and refuse to give it public or official recognition.

Secular states are widely seen as treating religion as only a private matter. That is to say, they refuse to give religion public or official recognition. Does this mean that the Indian Constitution is not secular? This does not follow. Though the term ‘secular’ was not initially mentioned, the Indian Constitution has always been secular. The mainstream, western conception, of secularism means mutual exclusion of state and religion in order to protect values such as individual freedom and citizenship rights of individuals.