Arrange the following marketing Management philosophies in a sequence based on their evolution over a period of time.
(A) Product Concept
(B) Production Concept
(C) Marketing Concept
(D) Selling Concept
(E) Societal marketing concept
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 2
The correct answer is Option (2) → (B), (A), (D), (C), (E)
The concept of marketing has evolved over a period of time. Each new concept came because the market changed.
Step 1 — (B) Production concept: In the early days of the industrial revolution, demand was more than supply. The focus was on producing more goods at a low cost.
Step 2 — (A) Product concept: When supply grew, buyers wanted better quality. The focus moved from quantity to quality of the product.
Step 3 — (D) Selling concept: Competition increased. Firms believed that buyers must be persuaded, so they used aggressive selling and promotion.
Step 4 — (C) Marketing concept: The focus moved to customer needs. Customer satisfaction became the key to profit.
Step 5 — (E) Societal marketing concept: This is the latest. It adds the long-term well-being of society to customer satisfaction.
NCERT (2026-27 Edition): “Marketing Management Philosophies … The concept or philosophy of marketing has evolved over a period of time, and is discussed as follows.” “The Production Concept During the earlier days of industrial revolution, the demand for industrial goods started picking up but the number of producers were limited. As a result, the demand exceeded the supply. Selling was no problem. Anybody who could produce the goods was able to sell. The focus of business activities was, therefore, on production of goods. …” “The Selling Concept With the passage of time, the marketing environment underwent further change. The increase in the scale of business further improved the position with respect to supply of goods, resulting in increased competition among sellers. The product quality and availability did not ensure the survival and growth of firms because of the large number of sellers selling quality products. This led to greater importance to attracting and persuading customers to buy the product. …” “The Marketing Concept Marketing orientation implies that focus on satisfaction of customer’s needs is the key to the success of any organisation in the market. It assumes that in the long run an organisation can achieve its objective of maximisation of profit by identifying the needs of its present and prospective buyers and satisfying them in an effective way. …” “The Societal Marketing Concept … The societal marketing concept holds that the task of any organisation is to identify the needs and wants of the target market and deliver the desired satisfaction in an effective and efficient manner so that the long-term well-being of the consumers and the society is taken care of. …”
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