Read the passage carefully and answer the following question:

Demographic Transition Theory is used to describe and predict the future population of any area using fertility (Crude Birth Rate) and mortality (Crude Death Rate) data in a three-staged model.

Stage I is called high fluctuating wherein both fertility and mortality are high. People reproduce more children to compensate for deaths due to epidemics and food shortages. The growth is low and fluctuating. The people are engaged in agriculture having low technology. The life expectancy is also low.

Stage II is expanding stage where fertility remains high in the beginning while mortality starts to decline due to medical and sanitation revolution. This decline in mortality causes natural increased in population. In the second half of this stage fertility also starts to decline.

In the last stage, low fluctuating growth rate is due to low fertility and low mortality. The population is stable or grows slowly. The population becomes urbanised and literate and has high technological know-how.

The Demographic Transition stage which is characterised by high fluctuating stage has ____________.

High fertility and high mortality

The characteristic of the high fluctuating stage in the Demographic Transition is: High fertility and high mortality.

During this stage, both fertility and mortality rates are high, leading to fluctuating population growth. People tend to have high fertility rates to compensate for high mortality rates.