The correct answer is Option (1)- Both (b) and (c)
Hot water can indeed act as a pollutant depending on its source and how it is discharged into the environment:
- (a) A hot spring: Hot water naturally emanating from a hot spring is typically not considered a pollutant in itself, as it originates from geothermal sources deep within the Earth. However, if the water contains high levels of dissolved minerals or other substances, it can alter the surrounding ecosystem, affecting aquatic life and water quality.
- (b) A power plant: Many power plants, especially those using fossil fuels or nuclear energy, generate heat during their operation. This heat is often transferred to water for cooling purposes before being discharged back into rivers, lakes, or oceans. This discharged hot water, known as thermal pollution, can disrupt aquatic ecosystems by increasing water temperature beyond what is suitable for native species, leading to reduced oxygen levels and altered habitats.
- (c) An industry: Industries may produce hot water as a byproduct of their processes, such as manufacturing or chemical production. If this hot water contains pollutants such as heavy metals, chemicals, or toxins, it can pose a significant threat to the environment when discharged into water bodies. The elevated temperature can also exacerbate the harmful effects of the pollutants on aquatic life.
Therefore, the correct answer is Both (b) and (c) because both power plants and industries can contribute to thermal pollution and the release of hot water containing pollutants into the environment. |
