Practicing Success

Target Exam

CUET

Subject

History

Chapter

Medieval India: Bhakti Sufi Traditions

Question:

Who among the following composed devotional songs in Tamil?

Options:

Meerabai

Manikkavachakar

Andal

Kabirdas

Correct Answer:

Manikkavachakar

Explanation:

The correct answer is Option (2) → Manikkavachakar

Manikkavachakar, a devotee of Shiva composed beautiful devotional songs in Tamil.  There is also a twelfth-century bronze sculpture of Manikkavachakar.

 

Remaining options:

Mirabai (c. fifteenth-sixteenth centuries) is perhaps the best-known woman poet within the bhakti tradition. Biographies have been reconstructed primarily from the bhajans attributed to her, which were transmitted orally for centuries. According to these, she was a Rajput princess from Merta in Marwar who was married against her wishes to a prince of the Sisodia clan of Mewar, Rajasthan. Mirabai wrote her songs in Rajasthani and Braj Bhasa languages, and they were translated into Hindi and Gujarati. Although Mirabai did not attract a sect or group of followers, she has been recognised as a source of inspiration for centuries. Her songs continue to be sung by women and men, especially those who are poor and considered “low caste” in Gujarat and Rajasthan.

Some of the earliest bhakti movements (c. sixth century) were led by the Alvars (literally, those who are “immersed” in devotion to Vishnu) and Nayanars (literally, leaders who were devotees of Shiva). They travelled from place to place singing (not composing) hymns in Tamil in praise of their gods.

Kabir’s poems have survived in several languages and dialects; and some are composed in the special language of nirguna poets, the sant bhasha. Others, known as ulatbansi (upside-down sayings), are written in a form in which everyday meanings are inverted.  Kabir's works were mainly written in the Hindi language. In the 15th century, he chose to write in colloquial, regional language. His poetry is a mixture of Bhojpuri, Urdu, Hindi, Khari Boli, Punjabi, Persian and Marwari.

 

Note: This is a PYQ and as per NCERT, the word 'composing devotional songs in Tamil' is mentioned with Manikkavachakar. So option 2 is the correct answer.