Which of the following chemicals is present in the calamine solution?

Zinc carbonate

The correct answer is option 3. Zinc oxide.
Calamine lotion contains zinc oxide as its active ingredient. Zinc oxide is a white, powdery substance that has both antiseptic and astringent properties. When applied to the skin, zinc oxide helps soothe and protect it.

Here's how zinc oxide works in a calamine solution:

1. Soothing Properties:  Zinc oxide has a soothing effect on the skin, making it useful for relieving itchiness and irritation caused by conditions like insect bites, rashes, and sunburns.

2. Astringent Properties: Zinc oxide also has mild astringent properties, which means it can help tighten and dry the skin. This is particularly beneficial for conditions where there may be oozing or weeping, such as in certain types of skin irritations.

3. Protective Barrier: Additionally, zinc oxide forms a protective barrier on the skin, helping to prevent further irritation and promoting the healing process.

Calamine lotion, containing zinc oxide, is commonly used to alleviate discomfort associated with minor skin irritations, itching, and inflammation. It is often applied topically and is a popular over-the-counter remedy for various skin conditions.