Which of the following is an example of mutation breeding?

The correct answer is Option (4) → Resistant to yellow mosaic virus in Mung bean

Option (1) Resistance to yellow mosaic in Bhindi — Incorrect. Resistance to yellow mosaic in bhindi came from a wild species by crossing.

Option (2) Resistance to white rust in Brassica — Incorrect. White rust resistance in Brassica came by conventional breeding.

Option (3) Resistance to Black rot in Cauliflower — Incorrect. Black rot resistance in cauliflower came by conventional breeding.

Option (4) Resistant to yellow mosaic virus in Mung bean — Correct. In mung bean, resistance to yellow mosaic virus was induced by mutations.

Note: This question is from Chapter 9, Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production, of the pre-rationalised NCERT book. This chapter is not in the present NCERT book (2026-27). The extract below is from the pre-rationalised edition.

NCERT Extract (Pre-rationalised edition, Chapter 9, Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production):
Plant Breeding for Disease Resistance – “… Mutation is the process by which genetic variations are created through changes in the base sequence within genes (see Chapter 5) resulting in the creation of a new character or trait not found in the parental type. It is possible to induce mutations artificially through use of chemicals or radiations (like gamma radiations), and selecting and using the plants that have the desirable character as a source in breeding – this process is called mutation breeding. In mung bean, resistance to yellow mosaic virus and powdery mildew were induced by mutations.”