Match List – I with List – II.

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I

The correct answer is Option (2) → A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I

A. Several nematodes parasitise a wide variety of plants and animals including human beings. A nematode Meloidegyne incognitia infects the roots of tobacco plants and causes a great reduction in yield. A novel strategy was adopted to prevent this infestation which was based on the process of RNA interference (RNAi).

B. Bt toxin is produced by a bacterium called Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt for short). Bt toxin gene has been cloned from the bacteria and been expressed in plants to provide resistance to insects without the need for insecticides; in effect created a bio-pesticide.  Some strains of Bacillus thuringiensis produce proteins that kill certain insects such as lepidopterans (tobacco budworm, armyworm), coleopterans (beetles) and dipterans (flies, mosquitoes).The toxin is coded by a gene cryIAc named cry. There are a number of them, for example, the proteins encoded by the genes cryIAc and cryIIAb control the cotton bollworms, that of cryIAb controls corn borer. 

C. Genetic modification has enabled the enhancement of the nutritional value of certain foods. One example is golden rice, which has been genetically modified to synthesize beta-carotene, a precursor of vitamin A. This modification has increased the nutritional content of the rice and can help combat vitamin A deficiency in regions where rice is a staple food.

D. In 1997, scientists achieved a significant breakthrough by creating the first transgenic cow named Rosie. This cow was genetically modified to produce human protein-enriched milk, specifically containing human alpha-lactalbumin. Alpha-lactalbumin is a protein found in human breast milk that plays a crucial role in providing essential nutrients and immune factors to human infants.