Which of the following is not one of the four ashramas of the 'Asrama system' discussed in Hindu texts of the ancient and medieval eras?

Upanyana

The correct answer is Option 2 - Upanyana

The four ashramas of the Asrama system are:

• Brahmacharya: The student stage, during which a person is expected to live a simple life and study the Vedas.
• Grihastha: The householder stage, during which a person is expected to marry, raise a family, and fulfill their social duties.
• Vanaprastha: The forest dweller stage, during which a person is expected to withdraw from society and focus on spiritual pursuits.
• Sannyasa: The renouncer stage, during which a person is expected to give up all worldly possessions and live a life of poverty and simplicity.

Upanyana is a ceremony that marks the initiation of a young Brahmin male into the Vedic studies. It is typically performed when the boy is between the ages of 8 and 12. The Upanyana ceremony is not one of the four ashramas of the Asrama system. Instead, it is a rite of passage that marks the beginning of the Brahmacharya ashrama.