Which of the following is the type of solid such as H₂O (ice)?

Hydrogen Bonded Molecular Solids

The correct answer is option 3. Hydrogen Bonded Molecular Solids.

The type of solid represented by \(H_2O\) (ice) is characterized by the presence of hydrogen bonds between the molecules. Let's break down the options to determine the most appropriate classification:

1. Nonpolar Molecular Solids: Nonpolar molecular solids are composed of molecules with no permanent dipole moment. Examples include noble gases and nonpolar molecules like diatomic nitrogen \((N_2)\) and diatomic oxygen \((O_2)\). Ice \((H_2O)\) does not fall into this category because water molecules exhibit a significant degree of polarity due to the unequal sharing of electrons between oxygen and hydrogen atoms.

2. Polar Molecular Solids: Polar molecular solids are composed of polar molecules, which have a permanent dipole moment due to differences in electronegativity between atoms. Examples include solid ammonia \((NH_3)\) and solid hydrogen fluoride \((HF)\). Ice \((H_2O)\) does fall into this category because water molecules are polar, with the oxygen end having a partial negative charge and the hydrogen end having a partial positive charge.

3. Hydrogen Bonded Molecular Solids: Hydrogen bonded molecular solids are a specific type of polar molecular solid where molecules are held together by hydrogen bonds. Hydrogen bonds are formed between a hydrogen atom bonded to a highly electronegative atom (such as oxygen or nitrogen) and a lone pair of electrons on another electronegative atom. Ice \((H_2O)\) falls into this category because the solid structure of ice is held together by hydrogen bonds between water molecules.

The correct classification for \(H_2O\) (ice) is: Hydrogen Bonded Molecular Solids.

Ice \((H_2O)\) forms a solid structure through hydrogen bonds between water molecules, making it a hydrogen bonded molecular solid.