The question given below consist of an assertion and a reason. Use the following key to choose the appropriate answer.

Assertion: For desalination of sea water, pressure greater than osmotic pressure has to be applied on the solution.

Reason: On applying pressure greater than osmotic pressure the solute particles are pushed through the semipermeable membrane.

Assertion is correct, Reason is the wrong statement.

The correct answer is option 3. Assertion is correct, Reason is the wrong statement.

Assertion: "For desalination of sea water, pressure greater than osmotic pressure has to be applied on the solution."

This statement is correct. Desalination processes like reverse osmosis require applying pressure greater than the osmotic pressure of the solution. Osmotic pressure is the pressure needed to prevent the flow of solvent molecules across a semipermeable membrane due to osmosis. In the case of desalination, the objective is to overcome this natural osmotic pressure to separate pure water from the saltwater solution.

Reason: "On applying pressure greater than osmotic pressure the solute particles are pushed through the semipermeable membrane."

This statement is incorrect. In reverse osmosis, pressure greater than the osmotic pressure is applied to the saltwater solution. This pressure forces the solvent molecules (usually water) to pass through the semipermeable membrane, while the solute particles (salt ions) are left behind. The solute particles do not pass through the membrane; instead, they are retained, resulting in purified water on one side of the membrane and a concentrated salt solution on the other side.

In summary, while the assertion is correct, the reason provided is incorrect. Desalination involves applying pressure to force solvent molecules through a semipermeable membrane, not pushing solute particles through the membrane. Therefore, the correct answer is option (c): Assertion is correct, Reason is the wrong statement.